Production of Carbon Nanotubes over Pre‐reduced LaCoO3 by Using Fluidized‐bed Catalytic Reactor

A technique has been developed to grow carbon nanotubes by flowing acetylene over pre‐reduced LaCoO₃ catalyst in a fluidized‐bed catalytic reactor. Carbon nanotubes were characterized by means of SEM and TEM. The pre‐reduced LaCoO₃ catalyst was found to be effective in producing carbon nanotubes with even diameter. The effects of reduction temperature of LaCoO₃ on the growth of carbon nanotubes were investigated. This process can easily be scaled up.     

造纸污泥流化床焚烧试验研究

在一座密相床截面积为 ０．２３ ｍ×０．２３ｍ、高度为 ５ｍ的流化床燃烧试验装置上进行了造纸污泥的焚烧试验．探明污泥水分、流化速度、二次风份额和过剩空气系数等参数对污泥燃烧性能的影响规律,为高水分造纸污泥焚烧炉的优化设计提供了依据．测试表明,在不添加脱硫剂情况下焚烧烟气中ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ和Ｎ２Ｏ的排放浓度完全满足国家排放标准．     

V型布风板流化床煤气化试验研究及工业应用

在一沸腾段内径为６００ ｍｍ的Ｖ型布风板流化床煤气发生炉内对低热值动力烟煤的气化过程进行了系统的试验研究。测量了煤气发生炉内炉膛温度沿高度的分布。研究了气化温度和煤气组分随给煤量、流化风量、中心喷动风量和水蒸气喷入量的变化规律。得到了以空气和水蒸气作为气化剂的煤气发生炉的气化适宜床温在９４０～９８０℃,合理的给煤量和总空气量之比在 ０．７～０．８ｋｇ／Ｎｍ３之间。研究结果对Ｖ型布风板流化床煤气发生炉的运行和放大设计、改造现有燃煤设备并降低对环境的污染具有指导意义。     

缓释药物——患者的福音

在过去的几年里,利用化学方法控制环境的措施已经显著增多,并且对我们改善生活质量意义重大。现在,人们已经对滥用药物和农药提出谴责。然而,可控释放技术的采用就可以安全和有效地进行避免。本文简单介绍了可控释放技术在医疗和农业中的应用及其原理,并阐述了缓释药物美好的前景。     

生物质洁净能源研究中的流化床动力学模型

分别对最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床及相应的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等加以综述,分析其优缺点,并在此基础上提出动力学模拟研究的新思路.根据流化床内在的本质--流化态的不同,将流化床分为最小流化床、鼓泡流化床和腾涌流化床三种.总结了前人针对各种流化床提出的全混模型、鼓泡模型、气泡汇集模型等思想,建议今后可以在以下几个方面进行深入研究: ⑴使得模型更有普适性.⑵由于气泡有效直径尚不能在理论上求得,可以在理想气泡直径变化公式的基础上,加入非线性化学的计算.⑶确定不同情况下的参数,使得工作更有延续性,也使得模型更加具有生命力.⑷从高压的角度去进行模型的计算,并得到相应的试验数据支持.     

A Novel Production Route for Nylon-6:. Aspects of Catalysis and Process Development

Summary: A novel production route for nylon-6 out of 6-aminocapronitrile has been investigated. Hydrolysis of 6-aminocapronitrile using a solid porous ZrO₂ catalyst is the key step in this novel route. Nylon-6 with a number average molecular weight of 10 · 10³ g · mol⁻¹ can be produced from the hydrolyzed 6-aminocapronitrile. The reactor set up for the polycondensation can in broad outline be the same as the continuously operated reactor used for the ε-caprolactam based production of nylon-6. For the hydrolysis of 6-aminocapronitrile a number of parallel batchwise operated loop reactors is recommended. A fixed bed of catalyst particles is part of each recirculation loop. Intraparticle mass transport limitation can be avoided by using catalyst particles made of a shell of active ZrO₂ and a massive inert core. An annual production of 50 · 10⁶ kg nylon-6 demands for 5.3 m³ zirconia.     

纳米硫化锌的制备及光谱分析

采用超重力反应结晶法制备了纳米硫化锌粒子,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)对纳米硫化锌的形貌、结构、组成和光谱性能进行了细致分析。结果表明：超重力反应结晶法制备的纳米硫化锌粒子为球形,平均粒径为42 nm;XRD图谱表明纳米硫化锌呈现较好的闪锌矿晶型; XPS能谱表明纳米硫化锌的S(2p)的电子结合能为162.6 eV,Zn的2p_3/2,2p_1/2的电子结合能分别为1021.4, 1044.6eV。红外光谱研究表明纳米硫化锌在400～4 000cm-1范围内具有良好的红外透过率。紫外-可见光谱研究发现纳米硫化锌在200～340nm的紫外区域有较强的吸收,其禁带宽度为3.57eV。EDX能谱表明该法制备的纳米硫化锌具有较高的纯度。     

非驻定过滤燃烧的均相模拟

基于一维层流反应流模型,构建了新的准稳态均相模型,并对堆积床内充分发展后的低速过滤贫燃过程进行数值模拟.将计算结果与传统双相模型进行比较,分析弥散效应和化学反应机理等对计算结果的影响,并开展输运项分析;将均相模型的数值结果与准稳态和瞬态的理论结果进行比较,验证理论方法.     

A CFD Model for Fluid Dynamics in a Gas-fluidised Bed

A modified particle bed model derived from the two-fluid momentum balance equations was employed to predict the gas-fluidised bed behaviour. Additional terms are included in both the fluid and the particle mo-mentum balance equations to take into account the effect of the dispersed solid phase. This model has been extended to two-dimensional formulations and has been implemented in the commercial code CFX 4.3. The model correctly simulates the homogeneous fluidisation of Geldart Group A and the bubbling fluidisation of Geldart Group B in gas-solid fluidised beds.     

新型高效液相层析方法:连续床层析

连续床层析的研究始于八十年代末,是一种新型的高效液相层析分离方法,可用于从小分子到蛋白质等生物大分子的分离纯化。连续床层析柱具有制备简单、背压低、分辨率高和处理量大等优点。本文综述了近年来连续床层析介质的制备以及连续床层析的应用研究进展。